Tree-induced urban cooling benefits during heat extremes across Switzerland at 10m resolution

Urban trees provide cooling through two primary mechanisms: evapotranspiration and radiative modification. This dataset quantifies these cooling services across urban and peri-urban municipalities in all Swiss cantons, using the Greening Cooling Services Index (GCoS), a high-accuracy indicator developed by Rocha et al. (2022). GCoS is based on the Soil-Canopy Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy Fluxes (SCOPE) model, a process-based framework that simulates energy balance and radiative transfer within vegetated canopies. The cooling simulation follows a two-stage process. First, we estimate hourly urban evapotranspiration (ET) and soil temperature for the hottest day of the target year, at a spatial resolution of 300 m. Second, these outputs are downscaled to 10 m resolution using high-resolution urban tree fraction data. The final GCoS consists of two components: ECoS (Evapotranspirative Cooling Service) and RCoS (Radiative Cooling Service), providing a detailed spatial representation of vegetation-driven cooling. This dataset enables high-resolution assessments of nature-based climate adaptation strategies and supports research and planning aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The calculations are based on the CH2018.