Land-Based Wastewater Management

The marine environment not only receives direct wastewater discharge from marine outfalls and shipping activities but also has to cope with wastewater emissions from land-based wastewater facilities transported via inland waterways. As a general rule, wastewater treatment plants actively contribute to the protection of marine environment by removing organic compounds and nutrients from the wastewater. However, if wastewater is untreated or insufficiently treated, the wastewater management sector definitely contributes to the eutrophication of the marine environment. In addition, the wastewater industry has to face the problem of the pollutants of rising concern and especially those compounds which undeniably originate from wastewater treatment plants such as organic micropollutants, pathogens, microplastics and engineered nanoparticles. It is quite crucial to find convincing responses to these still outstanding issues.