Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.): Food properties and potential health benefits

Amaranth is worldwide grown as a principal grain crop with almost 400 varieties and 70 species. It contains notable amount of primary metabolites mainly protein, secondary metabolites, vitamins, and minerals. Traditionally, amaranth boiled leaves and roots are known to comfort breathing problems, control blood sugar level, and provide aid in digestion. Pharmacological studies of its powder and extracts showed antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Amaranth ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions owing to climate change outlined its importance in preview to preserve biodiversity and food security. Major staple crops are not able to satisfy the routine needs of both macro and micro nutrients and mentioned needs can be fulfilled by rotating the major crops with minor crop like Amaranth. Amaranths' low content of prolamins makes it an ideal choice for celiac patients and gluten free product development i.e., a market of million dollars. This review discusses in detail about the nutritional profile, global market potential, adaptability to harsh environment, and health promoting features of Amaranth. Anti-nutritional factors, strategies to improve nutrition, and industrial applications are also discussed.