Consideration of the form of the undeformed section of cut in the calculation of machining forces

For the calculation of machining forces in turning processes, the empirical equation of Victor and Kienzle has been established as a common model. However, the model has some constraints. The undeformed chip thickness has to be higher than 0.1 mm and the ratio of undeformed chip width and undeformed chip thickness has to be higher than four. This means that the equation cannot be used for several combinations of process parameters. This paper shows an approach to calculate the machining forces for any form of undeformed sections of cut based on the approach of Victor and Kienzle. In order to achieve this, the undeformed chip thickness and the undeformed chip width are defined in a new way. Furthermore, the direction of chip flow is considered to determine the feed and passive force components.