Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties

Alexander Wilzewski; Lukas J. Spieß; Malte Wehrheim; Shuying Chen; Steven A. King; Peter Micke; Melina Filzinger; Martin R. Steinel; Nils Huntemann; Erik Benkler; Piet O. Schmidt; Luca I. Huber; Jeremy Flannery; Roland Matt; Martin Stadler; Robin Oswald; Fabian Schmid; Daniel Kienzler; Jonathan Home; Diana P.L.Aude Craik; Menno Door; Sergey Eliseev; Pavel Filianin; Jost Herkenhoff; Kathrin Kromer; Klaus Blaum; Vladimir A. Yerokhin; Igor A. Valuev; Natalia S. Oreshkina; Chunhai Lyu; Sreya Banerjee; Christoph H. Keitel; Zoltán Harman; Julian C. Berengut; Anna Viatkina; Jan Gilles; Andrey Surzhykov; Michael K. Rosner; José R. Crespo López-Urrutia; Jan Richter; Agnese Mariotti; Elina Fuchs

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.233002

Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties

Alexander Wilzewski
, Lukas J. Spieß
, Malte Wehrheim
, Shuying Chen
, Steven A. King
, Peter Micke
, Melina Filzinger
, Martin R. Steinel
, Nils Huntemann
, Erik Benkler
, Piet O. Schmidt
, Luca I. Huber
, Jeremy Flannery
, Roland Matt
, Martin Stadler
, Robin Oswald
, Fabian Schmid
, Daniel Kienzler
, Jonathan Home
, Diana P.L.Aude Craik

Menno Door, Sergey Eliseev, Pavel Filianin, Jost Herkenhoff, Kathrin Kromer, Klaus Blaum, Vladimir A. Yerokhin, Igor A. Valuev, Natalia S. Oreshkina, Chunhai Lyu, Sreya Banerjee, Christoph H. Keitel, Zoltán Harman, Julian C. Berengut, Anna Viatkina, Jan Gilles, Andrey Surzhykov, Michael K. Rosner, José R. Crespo López-Urrutia, Jan Richter, Agnese Mariotti, Elina Fuchs

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer review

Abstract

Nonlinearities in King plots (KP) of isotope shifts (IS) can reveal the existence of beyond-standard-model (BSM) interactions that couple electrons and neutrons. However, it is crucial to distinguish higher-order standard model (SM) effects from BSM physics. We measure the IS of the transitions P30→P31 in Ca14+ and S21/2→D5/22 in Ca+ with sub-Hz precision as well as the nuclear mass ratios with relative uncertainties below 4×10-11 for the five stable, even isotopes of calcium (Ca40,42,44,46,48). Combined, these measurements yield a calcium KP nonlinearity with a significance of ∼103σ. Precision calculations show that the nonlinearity cannot be fully accounted for by the expected largest higher-order SM effect, the second-order mass shift, and identify the little-studied nuclear polarization as the only remaining SM contribution that may be large enough to explain it. Despite the observed nonlinearity, we improve existing KP-based constraints on a hypothetical Yukawa interaction for most of the new boson masses between 10 eV/c2 and 107 eV/c2.

Original language	English
Article number	233002
Journal	Physical review letters
Volume	134
Issue number	23
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.233002
Publication status	Published - 10 Jun 2025

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Physics and Astronomy

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10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.233002Licence: CC BY 4.0

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Wilzewski, A., Spieß, L. J., Wehrheim, M., Chen, S., King, S. A., Micke, P., Filzinger, M., Steinel, M. R., Huntemann, N., Benkler, E., Schmidt, P. O., Huber, L. I., Flannery, J., Matt, R., Stadler, M., Oswald, R., Schmid, F., Kienzler, D., Home, J., ... Fuchs, E. (2025). Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties. Physical review letters, 134(23), Article 233002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.233002

@article{94c71d35ded448f8be733d3147f3078a,

title = "Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties",

abstract = "Nonlinearities in King plots (KP) of isotope shifts (IS) can reveal the existence of beyond-standard-model (BSM) interactions that couple electrons and neutrons. However, it is crucial to distinguish higher-order standard model (SM) effects from BSM physics. We measure the IS of the transitions P30→P31 in Ca14+ and S21/2→D5/22 in Ca+ with sub-Hz precision as well as the nuclear mass ratios with relative uncertainties below 4×10-11 for the five stable, even isotopes of calcium (Ca40,42,44,46,48). Combined, these measurements yield a calcium KP nonlinearity with a significance of ∼103σ. Precision calculations show that the nonlinearity cannot be fully accounted for by the expected largest higher-order SM effect, the second-order mass shift, and identify the little-studied nuclear polarization as the only remaining SM contribution that may be large enough to explain it. Despite the observed nonlinearity, we improve existing KP-based constraints on a hypothetical Yukawa interaction for most of the new boson masses between 10 eV/c2 and 107 eV/c2.",

author = "Alexander Wilzewski and Spie{\ss}, \{Lukas J.\} and Malte Wehrheim and Shuying Chen and King, \{Steven A.\} and Peter Micke and Melina Filzinger and Steinel, \{Martin R.\} and Nils Huntemann and Erik Benkler and Schmidt, \{Piet O.\} and Huber, \{Luca I.\} and Jeremy Flannery and Roland Matt and Martin Stadler and Robin Oswald and Fabian Schmid and Daniel Kienzler and Jonathan Home and Craik, \{Diana P.L.Aude\} and Menno Door and Sergey Eliseev and Pavel Filianin and Jost Herkenhoff and Kathrin Kromer and Klaus Blaum and Yerokhin, \{Vladimir A.\} and Valuev, \{Igor A.\} and Oreshkina, \{Natalia S.\} and Chunhai Lyu and Sreya Banerjee and Keitel, \{Christoph H.\} and Zolt{\'a}n Harman and Berengut, \{Julian C.\} and Anna Viatkina and Jan Gilles and Andrey Surzhykov and Rosner, \{Michael K.\} and \{Crespo L{\'o}pez-Urrutia\}, \{Jos{\'e} R.\} and Jan Richter and Agnese Mariotti and Elina Fuchs",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the {"}https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/{"}Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.",

year = "2025",

month = jun,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.233002",

language = "English",

volume = "134",

journal = "Physical review letters",

issn = "0031-9007",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "23",

}

Wilzewski, A, Spieß, LJ, Wehrheim, M, Chen, S, King, SA, Micke, P, Filzinger, M, Steinel, MR, Huntemann, N, Benkler, E, Schmidt, PO, Huber, LI, Flannery, J, Matt, R, Stadler, M, Oswald, R, Schmid, F, Kienzler, D, Home, J, Craik, DPLA, Door, M, Eliseev, S, Filianin, P, Herkenhoff, J, Kromer, K, Blaum, K, Yerokhin, VA, Valuev, IA, Oreshkina, NS, Lyu, C, Banerjee, S, Keitel, CH, Harman, Z, Berengut, JC, Viatkina, A, Gilles, J, Surzhykov, A, Rosner, MK, Crespo López-Urrutia, JR, Richter, J, Mariotti, A & Fuchs, E 2025, 'Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties', Physical review letters, vol. 134, no. 23, 233002. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.233002

TY - JOUR

T1 - Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties

AU - Wilzewski, Alexander

AU - Spieß, Lukas J.

AU - Wehrheim, Malte

AU - Chen, Shuying

AU - King, Steven A.

AU - Micke, Peter

AU - Filzinger, Melina

AU - Steinel, Martin R.

AU - Huntemann, Nils

AU - Benkler, Erik

AU - Schmidt, Piet O.

AU - Huber, Luca I.

AU - Flannery, Jeremy

AU - Matt, Roland

AU - Stadler, Martin

AU - Oswald, Robin

AU - Schmid, Fabian

AU - Kienzler, Daniel

AU - Home, Jonathan

AU - Craik, Diana P.L.Aude

AU - Door, Menno

AU - Eliseev, Sergey

AU - Filianin, Pavel

AU - Herkenhoff, Jost

AU - Kromer, Kathrin

AU - Blaum, Klaus

AU - Yerokhin, Vladimir A.

AU - Valuev, Igor A.

AU - Oreshkina, Natalia S.

AU - Lyu, Chunhai

AU - Banerjee, Sreya

AU - Keitel, Christoph H.

AU - Harman, Zoltán

AU - Berengut, Julian C.

AU - Viatkina, Anna

AU - Gilles, Jan

AU - Surzhykov, Andrey

AU - Rosner, Michael K.

AU - Crespo López-Urrutia, José R.

AU - Richter, Jan

AU - Mariotti, Agnese

AU - Fuchs, Elina

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2025 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

PY - 2025/6/10

Y1 - 2025/6/10

N2 - Nonlinearities in King plots (KP) of isotope shifts (IS) can reveal the existence of beyond-standard-model (BSM) interactions that couple electrons and neutrons. However, it is crucial to distinguish higher-order standard model (SM) effects from BSM physics. We measure the IS of the transitions P30→P31 in Ca14+ and S21/2→D5/22 in Ca+ with sub-Hz precision as well as the nuclear mass ratios with relative uncertainties below 4×10-11 for the five stable, even isotopes of calcium (Ca40,42,44,46,48). Combined, these measurements yield a calcium KP nonlinearity with a significance of ∼103σ. Precision calculations show that the nonlinearity cannot be fully accounted for by the expected largest higher-order SM effect, the second-order mass shift, and identify the little-studied nuclear polarization as the only remaining SM contribution that may be large enough to explain it. Despite the observed nonlinearity, we improve existing KP-based constraints on a hypothetical Yukawa interaction for most of the new boson masses between 10 eV/c2 and 107 eV/c2.

AB - Nonlinearities in King plots (KP) of isotope shifts (IS) can reveal the existence of beyond-standard-model (BSM) interactions that couple electrons and neutrons. However, it is crucial to distinguish higher-order standard model (SM) effects from BSM physics. We measure the IS of the transitions P30→P31 in Ca14+ and S21/2→D5/22 in Ca+ with sub-Hz precision as well as the nuclear mass ratios with relative uncertainties below 4×10-11 for the five stable, even isotopes of calcium (Ca40,42,44,46,48). Combined, these measurements yield a calcium KP nonlinearity with a significance of ∼103σ. Precision calculations show that the nonlinearity cannot be fully accounted for by the expected largest higher-order SM effect, the second-order mass shift, and identify the little-studied nuclear polarization as the only remaining SM contribution that may be large enough to explain it. Despite the observed nonlinearity, we improve existing KP-based constraints on a hypothetical Yukawa interaction for most of the new boson masses between 10 eV/c2 and 107 eV/c2.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105007874839

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.233002

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.233002

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105007874839

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 134

JO - Physical review letters

JF - Physical review letters

IS - 23

M1 - 233002

ER -

Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties

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DQ-mat: Collaborative Research Centre 1227/3, sub-project B10: The quantum limits of sensing for ultralight dark matter detection

DQ-mat: Collaborative Research Centre 1227/3: Designed Quantum States of Matter - Generation, Manipulation and Detection for Metrological Applications and Tests of Fundamental Physics

QuantumFrontiers: Cluster of Excellence 2123/1: Light and Matter at the Quantum Frontier

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Nonlinear Calcium King Plot Constrains New Bosons and Nuclear Properties

Abstract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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Projects

DQ-mat: Collaborative Research Centre 1227/3, sub-project B10: The quantum limits of sensing for ultralight dark matter detection

DQ-mat: Collaborative Research Centre 1227/3: Designed Quantum States of Matter - Generation, Manipulation and Detection for Metrological Applications and Tests of Fundamental Physics

QuantumFrontiers: Cluster of Excellence 2123/1: Light and Matter at the Quantum Frontier

Cite this